FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMS OF THE SPEECH





FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMS OF THE SPEECH

When you comunicate with someone you know, or you are in confidence with, or that belongs to your social status, the informal register must be used. It is used with relatives, friends, colleagues and classmates. Typical of the informal stylistic register is the use of the pronoun tu and the associated verb in the second person singular.
For example: “Vieni, Andrea, accomodati”. (“Come in, Andrea, take a seat.”)

When you comunicate with someone you don’t know, you aren’t in confidence with or that doesn’t belong to your social status, the formal register must be used. It’s the case of supervisors in a work setting, teachers, bank clerks and so on. Typical of this formal register is the use of the pronoun Lei, both for men and women, written with a capital letter, followed by the verb in the third person singular.
If, in these circumstances, you comunicate with two or more people, the personal pronoun Voi, both for men and women, written with a capital letter, must be used: it’s followed by the verb in second person plural. Loro and the verb in the third person plural represent an outdated form.
For example:
“Prego, signor Andrea, si accomodi”. (“Please come in, Mister Andrea, and
take a seat”.)
“Prego, Signori, accomodatevi”. “(Please come in, Gentlemen, and take a seat”.)

Depending on the formality or informality of the situation, the use of the verbs’ moods and the use of possessive adjectives is different.

- To urge someone doing something, the imperative, imperativo, is used in the informal register, while in the formal one is used the subjunctive, congiuntivo, or, with the Voi form, the imperative, imperativo.

Informal: “Mario, bevi qualcosa insieme a noi!”    (imperativo)
             (“Mario, have a drink with us!”)
              “Alessia, bevi qualcosa insieme a noi!”   (imperativo)
             (“Alessia, please, have a drink with us!”)
                   
Formal:  “Signor Rossi, beva qualcosa insieme a noi!”    (congiuntivo)
            “Signora Rossi, beva qualcosa insieme a noi!”  (congiuntivo)
            “Signori Rossi, bevete qualcosa insieme a noi!” (imperativo)

- Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns are used in the second person singular during informal situation, while the formal ones demand the third person singular or the second person plural.
Informal: “Ecco il tuo libro, Mario.”     (seconda persona singolare)
             “Ecco il tuo libro, Alessia.”   (seconda persona singolare)

Formal: “Ecco il Suo libro, Signor Rossi.”       (terza persona singolare)
           “Ecco il Suo libro, Signora Rossi.”     (terza persona singolare)
           “Ecco il Vostro libro, Signori Rossi.”  (seconda persona plurale)

 

THE POLITE PHRASES: I CONVENEVOLI

 

Here is a list, in alphabetical order, of forms commonly used in many situations. Some are formal, other are informal, other again can be used in both situations.

Buona continuazione / Buon proseguimento F

 

Ci mancherebbe                                                 F

 

Come non detto                                                   I

 

Con comodo                                                     F, I

 

Con permesso                                                     F

 

Con piacere                                                     F, I

 

D’accordo                                                       F, I

 

Disturbo? Disturbo se … ?                           F, I

 

Faccia pure                                                         F

 

Figurati                                   I                                

 

Si figuri                                                               F

 

Grazie                                           F, I                

 

Grazie, altrettanto                                         F, I

 

Le spiace se …?                                                F

 

Mi scusi / Mi perdoni                                         F

 

Non si preoccupi                                                 F

 

Non fa nulla / Non fa niente / Non importa   I

 

Non si disturbi                                                     F

 

Non ti disturbare                                                 I

 

Per cortesia                                                         F

 

Per favore / Per piacere                                     I

 

Permette?                                                             F

 

Piacere                                      F, I                          

 

Posso … ?                                                             I

 

Prego                                                                 F, I

 

Scusi                                                                     F

 

Scusa                             I                                            

Si figuri                                                               F

 

Va bene                                                             F, I

 

I = informale, F = formale

Io vado a casa. A voi, buona continuazione!

(I’m going home. Enjoy your stay!)

Non mi sono offesa, ci mancherebbe!

(I’m not offended, don’t mention it!)

Non piove più! No, invece piove. Come non detto.

(It doesn’t rain! No, it rains. Don’t mention it.)

Faccia pure con comodo, abbiamo tempo.

(Take your time, we have plenty of it.)

Con permesso, posso entrare?

(May I come in?)

La aiuto con piacere!

(I’ll help you, my pleasure!)

Allora siamo d’accordo così.

(All right, then.)

Disturbo se telefono alle 12.00?

(Does it bother you if I phone you at miday?)

Ecco il bagno, faccia pure.

(Here’s the bathroom, be my guest.)

Ma figurati, non era nulla di importante!

(No problem, it wasn’t important!)

Si figuri, ho fatto così poco!

(You’re welcome, I did nothing!)

Grazie per il bel regalo!

(Thank you for the present!)

“Buona giornata!” “Grazie, altrettanto.”

(“Have a nice day!” “And you, too! Thanks!”)

Le spiace se fumo?

(Do you mind my smoking?)

Mi scusi, la disturbo per avere un’informazione.

(I’m sorry, I’m disturbing you for an information.)

Non si preoccupi, non c’è alcun problema.

(Don’t worry, there isn’t any problem.)

Hai fatto tardi, ma non importa.

(You are late, but never mind.)

Non si disturbi, faccio da sola.

(Don’t bother, I’ll do it by myself.)

Non ti disturbare, vado io in farmacia.

(Don’t bother, I’m going to the pharmacy.)

Un etto di prosciutto, per cortesia.

(An hectogram of ham, please.)

Mi passi il sale, per favore?

(Can you pass me the salt, please?)

Permette? Ecco la giacca.

(May I? Here is your jacket.)

“Ciao, sono Simone.” “ Piacere

(“Hello, my name’s Simon.” “ Nice to meet you”)

Posso aiutarti?

(May I help you?)

“Grazie!” “Prego

(“Thank you!” “You’re welcome”)

Scusi, sa dove si trova la posta?

(Excuse me, where is the post office?)

Non volevo offenderti, scusa.

(I didn’t want to hurt you, I’m sorry)

Si figuri, ho fatto così poco!

(Don’t mention it, I didn’t do anything!)

Va bene, adesso torniamo a casa.

(OK, now we’ll go back home.)



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